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Happiness Isn’t Brain Surgery: Multiple Dimensions of Motivation
Presented by: Dr. Dawn-Elise Snipes
Executive Director, AllCEUs
Continuing Education (CE) credits can be earned  on the topic of motivational enhancement at:  https://allceus.com/member/cart/index/product/id/40/c/

Objectives
~    Define motivation
~    Review the concepts of motivation
~    Identify the types of motivation and ways to enhance them

What is motivation
~    Motivation is doing something to get a reward
~    Assumptions about the nature of motivation:
~    Motivation is a key to change.
~    Motivation is multidimensional.
~    Motivation is dynamic and fluctuating
~    When the going gets tough, motivation gets going
~    Motivation can be modified.
~    Additional rewards can be added to make the new behavior more rewarding, even in the face of adversity
Enhancing Motivation
~    The PIES Approach
~    Proximity: Provide intervention in the natural environment
~    Immediacy: Intervene as soon as the problem or loss of motivation is noticed.
~    Expectancy: Expect the intervention to be successful and emphasize self-efficacy.
~    Simplicity: Listen, show empathy, and demonstrate understanding works best.
Tips
~    The more types of motivation involved, the stronger the motivational force
~    Signs of decreasing motivation
~    Failure to attempt change
~    “Resistance”
~    Excuses and “yes, buts”
~    Lack of enthusiasm
~    Have client’s rate their motivation on each target behavior (not goal) each day.
~    Goal: Lose 15 pounds
~    Target behavior: Go to the gym
~    Target behavior: Drink 8 glasses of water…

Apply It
~    Goals & Target Behavior
~    Goal: Improve happiness (address depression)
~    Target Behavior: Take medication
~    Target Behavior: Walk 30 minutes
~    Target Behavior: When I feel sad, write in my journal
~    Goal: Improve Stress Management (reduce anxiety)
~    Target Behavior 1: Get adequate sleep
~    Target Behavior 2: Delegate unnecessary stressors
~    Target Behavior 3: Reduce caffeine
Types of Motivation
~    Emotional:  Makes the person happy
~    Mental: Is the logical choice
~    Physical: Improves physical health, energy or reduces pain
~    Social: Improves relationship with self or others, elicits positive feedback from self and others
~    Spiritual: Is in alignment with values
~    Financial: Increases financial independence
~    Environmental: Makes the environment more comfortable
Emotional Motivation
~    Things that make the person happy
~    Decisional Balance: Identify all the reasons
~    Increase these
~    The new behavior makes the person happy (Positive reinforcement)
~    The old behavior adds distress (Negative reinforcement)
~    Decrease these
~    The old behavior makes the person happy
~    The new behavior adds distress
~    Especially useful with people who have more of a “Feeling” temperament

Mental Motivation
~    Things that the person sees as logical
~    Available information to support desired behavior
~    Decisional Balance: Identify all the reasons
~    Increase these
~    The new behavior is logical and helpful to achieving goals
~    The old behavior is unhelpful to achieving goals
~    Decrease these
~    The old behavior is logical and helpful to achieving goals
~    The new behavior is unhelpful to achieving goals
~    Especially useful with people who have a “Thinking” temperament.

Social Motivation
~    Things that increase the person’s self-esteem/self-acceptance
~    Things that increase social approval/acceptance
~    Decisional Balance: Identify all the reasons
~    Increase these
~    The new behavior increases self-acceptance/approval & other acceptance/approval
~    The old behavior is in opposition to their self-concept
~    The old behavior leads to rejection/isolation
~    Decrease these
~    The old behavior is socially rewarding
~    The new behavior does not provide self or other rewards (i.e. changing people, places, things)

Spiritual Motivation
~    Highlight ways that the new behavior is in alignment with values
~    Decisional Balance:
~    Increase these
~    Ways the new behavior is in alignment with values
~    Awareness of ways old behaviors are not in alignment with values
~    Decrease these
~    The ways the old behavior aligns with values
~    The ways the new behavior does not align with values

Financial Motivation
~    Highlight ways that the new behavior is financially beneficial
~    Decisional Balance
~    How did old behaviors reduce
~    Savings
~    Additional money
~    Redirectable funds
~    How do new behaviors increase
~    Savings
~    Additional money
~    Redirectable funds

Environmental Motivation
~    Identifying ways the new behavior will allow the person to improve their environment
~    People: Kindred spirits
~    Places: Vacation, better neighborhood, nice restaurant
~    Things: upgraded car, redecorating,
~    Decisional balance:
~    In what ways will the new behavior (Highlight)
~    Improve the environment
~    Make the environment more stressful
~    In what was does the old behavior (decrease)
~    Create a comfortable environment (What will you miss?)
~    Create an uncomfortable environment

Summary
~    Motivation is essential to behavior change
~    Motivation involves “choosing” the behavior that provides the greatest rewards for the effort.
~    Increasing motivation means enhancing rewards and reducing punishments/drawbacks.

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